| There's no magic to writing a good novel. Anyone | | | | explanation-that can come later, if necessary. But |
| can master it, simply by following the rules. Here | | | | you've begun your story with straight action, and |
| are five of the most important ones. Follow them | | | | you've also cleverly told your readers a few |
| and your fiction writing will instantly improve. | | | | important things without actually "telling" them. |
| 1. Seek and Destroy "As" | | | | 3. Remember That Emotion is Plot, Too |
| In fiction writing, events are nearly always | | | | Why do some novels leave us cold? Usually it's |
| presented sequentially. In other words, even | | | | because we don't really care about the |
| though in real life things often happen at the same | | | | characters. Why don't we care about them? |
| time, in the more orderly world of writing a novel, | | | | Because we don't really know how they FEEL. |
| things nearly always happen one at a time. This | | | | On this great big complicated planet, the one thing |
| principal applies to all aspects of your novel's | | | | we KNOW we have in common with all other |
| action, from the macro to the micro. | | | | human beings is feelings! Feelings are universal, the |
| Many beginning (and some more advanced) | | | | way we all connect with one another. So the way |
| writers instinctively use the "as" construction: | | | | to make the vital connection to your readers-the |
| She smiled as she took his hand. | | | | connection that makes them keep reading, that |
| Jerry ran to the door as someone started | | | | makes them remember your novel long after |
| pounding on it. | | | | they've finished it-is to make them feel your |
| The two examples above are poor fiction writing | | | | characters' feelings. |
| for two separate reasons. The first example is | | | | How do you do this? It's a two-step process. |
| poor because it is not sequential. Readers prefer | | | | (1) Make sure you include the feeling in the first |
| sequential. So it's better to write: She took his | | | | place. Believe it or not, many novelists don't |
| hand and smiled or She smiled and took his hand. | | | | bother even to include the fact that their |
| This may sound minor, but it's not. Trust me. The | | | | characters react to events in the story, that |
| example about Jerry is bad because it violates | | | | characters FEEL things as a result of things that |
| cause-and-effect writing, another requisite of | | | | happen. These novelists believe that should be |
| good fiction. In real life, things don't always happen | | | | understood, or that it's "old-fashioned" or "uncool" |
| for a reason. In fiction, they do. So Jerry should | | | | to include feelings about things. Nothing could be |
| be running to the door BECAUSE he has heard | | | | further from the truth. |
| someone pounding on it. | | | | So the first thing you should do, though it sounds |
| First he should hear the pounding; then he should | | | | obvious, is to remember to have your characters |
| run to the door. So you should write: | | | | HAVE feelings in the first place. Remember, how |
| Someone pounded on the door. Jerry rushed to | | | | characters feel is legitimate "action" in a novel. |
| open it. | | | | (2) Express how the character feels this feeling |
| Perhaps it would have been enough for me just | | | | by SHOWING his or her reaction to it. For |
| to tell you that using "as," whatever the reason, is | | | | instance, don't just say a character is furious. |
| considered by agents and editors to be a classic | | | | Show the character doing what it would be in |
| amateurism. Getting rid of it is an easy way to | | | | character for her to do when she's furious. Don't |
| ratchet up your novel writing skills a notch or two. | | | | just say a character is depressed. Have this |
| 2. Keep Background Out of Chapter One | | | | character tell another character how he feels. |
| Nearly every manuscript I reject is guilty of the | | | | Remember, emotion is as emotion DOES. |
| same sin: presenting character background right at | | | | 4. Limit the Most Common Gesture Tags |
| the start of the story. Many beginning novelists | | | | Gesture tags are the movements a character |
| believe that readers won't be able to follow a | | | | makes during dialogue. The most common among |
| story, or be interested in following it, if they don't | | | | newcomers' manuscripts are "he nodded," "she |
| know as much as possible about a character's | | | | shook her head," "he shrugged," "she smiled," "he |
| background, or about the events leading right up | | | | frowned." These tags are OK once in a while, but |
| to this moment. These writers are mistaken. | | | | overusing them will label you as an amateur. |
| How many films do we see that begin with a | | | | Whatever you do, don't use a tag and then |
| rousing action sequence? We're grabbed, yet we | | | | repeat its message through dialogue-another |
| don't know much about the character who is the | | | | amateurism. For example: |
| subject of this scene. There's no time for us to! | | | | He shrugged. "I don't know."or |
| The same principle applies to novels: Grab your | | | | "No," she said, shaking her head. |
| reader with action. WRITE THE SCENE AS IF THE | | | | 5. End Your Sections Crisply, and Where They |
| READER ALREADY KNEW THE CHARACTER'S | | | | Should End |
| BACKGROUND AND THE EVENTS LEADING UP | | | | A section should end when the action it was |
| TO THIS MOMENT. Then, once your readers are | | | | created to show has been played out. Don't keep |
| hooked, tell them, as concisely and in the smallest | | | | going for the sake of-keeping going! |
| pieces possible, only what they need to know | | | | For example, if Jonathan has come to Marilyn's |
| WHEN THEY NEED TO KNOW IT TO | | | | apartment to try to convince her to accompany |
| UNDERSTAND WHAT'S HAPPENING. | | | | him on his business trip to Rome, and Marilyn not |
| Here's an example. At the beginning of your novel, | | | | only tells him no but also informs him that she's |
| your lead, a young woman named Beth, is | | | | decided to break up with him, have Jonathan |
| returning home from college for the Christmas | | | | leave the apartment, maybe show his emotion |
| holiday. Without giving any background, have her | | | | BRIEFLY through some action (see #3 above), |
| enter the house and feel a sick feeling in the pit | | | | and bring down the curtain. |
| of her stomach. Uh-oh, we don't know why she | | | | Don't show him wandering the streets, wondering |
| has this feeling. (You know it's because she has | | | | where their relationship went wrong, stopping in at |
| never gotten along with her mother, and in fact | | | | a bar to drown his sorrows. All of that rightfully |
| left for school in the middle of a violent | | | | belongs in a REACTION section, a completely |
| argument.) | | | | separate story unit entirely. It's important to |
| You'd better clue the reader in. But do you really | | | | know where the action section (Marilyn telling |
| have to do so by means of the usual straight | | | | Jonathan no) ends and the reaction section |
| background exposition? It's better if you can find | | | | (Jonathan wondering, wandering, drinking) begins. |
| another way. How about SHOWING the mother | | | | (The whole concept of action and reaction |
| react in a hostile manner to Beth as she enters | | | | sections is presented in detail in my books The |
| the house; perhaps her mother comes to the | | | | Marshall Plan® for Novel Writing and The |
| head of the stairs to see who has come in, her | | | | Marshall Plan® Workbook, and in The Marshall |
| face freezes, she gives Beth a cold hello and then | | | | Plan® Novel Writing Software, which I |
| returns to her room. Beth, for her part, doesn't | | | | coauthored with Martha Jewett.) |
| even respond. Then why is she here at all? you | | | | Go through a manuscript you've already written |
| wonder. For her father, who we now find out BY | | | | and see if you can implement any or all of these |
| YOUR SHOWING US that he's sick with cancer in | | | | techniques. Keep them in mind as you write new |
| the bedroom the family has set up for him | | | | material. |
| downstairs in what was once the den. | | | | I guarantee your writing will be better for it. |
| Notice that we still have not received any straight | | | | |