Screenwriting - 10 Basic Rules

1. Feature film script should be between 95 andletters so the reader can more easily distinguish
120 pages in length. Never longer. A script overthem. Different numbers of syllables can also help
120 pages needs editing. Never shorter. A script(e.g. Stan, Sue, Sam and Sara is far more
shorter than 90 pages is too short. The perfectchallenging for the reader than Susan, Drew,
length is 100 pages for comedies, 110 for dramas.Alyssa, Charlie). In particular, characters that talk
Cheat your margins if you have to, but betterto one another should have uniquely different
yet write and cut to the correct length.names (e.g. not ‘Lyle’ and
2. Do NOT use camera directions. Ever. (Note:‘Kyle).
Historically, writers used to employ camera7. If a particular character has few lines (half a
directions, but the practice is no longer in vogue.)dozen or so) and only appears in one or two
Do not use words like CAMERA, CLOSE UP,scenes, it’s best to refer to that character
LONG SHOT, DOLLY, PAN, or anything else thatby occupation (e.g. POLICEMAN, MAID,
refers to the camera. Do not use CUT TO or anyBARTENDER). This lets the reader know they do
references to editing. At the beginning of thenot have to worry about this character fitting into
script, you may use FADE IN. At the end of thethe story. Use a proper name only if important to
script, you may use FADE OUT. Please use ado so or the character has a signficant effect on
maximum of two dissolves in the entire script. Ifthe story.
any. Dissolves are not generally well-received,8. Do NOT use parentheticals, except when
disdained by directors and studio readers.absolutely essential. Typically, a parenthetical is
3. Dialogue should generally be one to three linesused to introduce a line of dialogue, describing how
long. Only occasionally should dialogue exceed fourthat line should be read (e.g. angrily, laughing,
lines. Keep it short and simple. A few monologuesnervously). Please make every effort to avoid
may be acceptable, but even they should bethis device and, if you must, limit to four or fewer
broken up with action (e.g. ‘he drags on ayour use of parentheticals. The litmus test is: is it
cigarette’), so they are under ten lines inlikely the reader will misinterpret this line (sarcastic:
length. Long stretches of one character talking are“Sure I will.). Beginning writers often make
boring and hard to read.the mistake of using parentheticals consistently
4. Scene description should be kept to a minimum.throughout a screenplay.
Many studio executives and readers may actually9. Slug lines – the first line of scene,
skip over scene description. If they can’tdescribing time and place – always begin
get the story from the dialogue, some may feelwith INT. (interior) or EXT. (exterior). They always
frustrated and stop reading. Scene descriptionend with NIGHT or DAY. Do NOT use
should be one to three lines in length, and never‘Magic Hour’, ‘Late
more than five lines without a break. WhenAfternoon’, or any other such departure.
describing significant amounts of action, break theOnly use ‘Morning’ or
description into logical paragraphs, separated by‘Sunset’ if it is critical to the timeline
double spacing.of the story.
5. An entire scene – from one slug line to10. Character names are capitalized in scene
the next – ideally runs three pages or lessdescription only once, the very first time that
(it can be as brief as a small fraction of a page).character appears in the screenplay. Sounds are
Never more than five pages in length. Thecapitalized (e.g. BANG). Please don’t use this
average scene should be a page and a half oroften or get carried away with capitalizing sounds
less. Larger, important scenes can run three or(e.g. PATTER, PATTER, PATTER of feet as he
four pages. Please make certain the script keepsSHUFFLED; or the faucet went DRIP, DRIP, DRIP
‘moving’ or ‘flowing’as the kettle WHISTLED). Stick to loud, important
for the reader. If you have a great deal ofsounds. If in doubt, don’t capitalize. Nothing
dialogue or information, experiment with breakingelse in scene description should be capitalized.
the scene up into multiple locations (e.g.(Note: Long ago, writers sometimes included
“Let’s get to the restaurant, andlighting effects, props and other capitlaized items,
I’ll explain…”).but these are no longer accepted practices).
6. Character names should begin with different