What is the Difference Between a Romance and a Novel?

A Romance is not a NovelHerman Melville wrote his short story or
Sir Walter Scott in his "Essay on Romance,"novelette, "Bartleby, the Scrivener," which he set
established a basic difference between romancein Wall Street, he knew he was writing a romance.
and novel. While he considered the former aIn this work we find both an atmosphere that is
narrative that consisted of marvelous andeerie, ghostly, and characters that cannot be
uncommon incidents, he saw the novel as a workexpected to be real. In particular, one can make
that reflected society; which explains why hethe argument that the protagonist Bartleby more
wrote so many historical novels.resembles an otherworldly being (ghost or spirit),
Literary Romancesthan a real person.
Nathaniel Hawthorne in his preface to The HouseThe Canadian critic Northrop Frye in his Anatomy
of the Seven Gables writes: "When a writer callsof Criticism writes: "The essential difference
his work a Romance, it need hardly be observedbetween novel and romance lies in the conception
that he wishes to claim certain latitude, both as toof characterization. The romance does not
its fashion and material, which he would not haveattempt to create "real people" so much as
felt himself entitled to assume, had he professedstylized figures which expand into psychological
to be writing a Novel."archetypes (304)."
By latitude Hawthorne means that the authorBesides Bartleby, Melville wrote Billy Budd, another
takes liberties to manage his "atmosphericalnovelette in which the characters are 'stylized
medium" and also to inject the marvelous. While infigures' with which Melville explores the depths of
a romance, the writer can create an atmospherethe human psyche.
of enchantment, of magic, or even an eerie orFormula and Trashy Romances
uncanny ambience that has little resemblance toWhen we read "formula romances" or trashy
reality, in novel that is almost impossible--unlessromances we know that the characters -in
the genre permits such liberties. Novels like Garciaparticular the lovers- push credulity as they deal
Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude or evenwith the insurmountable barriers they encounter
J. K. Rowlings' Harry Potter novel series arebefore they can discover love. Readers do not
fraught with such implausible events that defy themind the speed bumps, obstacles, and other
suspension of disbelief. But this is allowed since theimpediments; in fact they welcome them as
novels belong to the genre of magic realism.benign frustrations which in the end will be
Hawthorne goes on to add: "The latter form ofovercome.
composition [the novel] is presumed to aim at aYet by today's standards, artistically, the romance
very minute fidelity, not merely to the possible,is a few notches lower than the novel. Seldom will
but to the probable and ordinary course of man'sreaders see romances as serious artistic works-or
experience."as literature, unless they are the product of
Indeed, readers expect 'fidelity' or realism of whatgenius writers such as Hawthorne and Melville. And
we see, feel, and experience in the material world,unfortunately, contemporary romance writers
and this can only be rendered in a novel. Whendon't come close to any kind of literary genius.