Writing a Novel - The Difference Between Voice and Tone

For many, tone and voice seem synonymous,The first might read something like this: Dear Mr.
and it is easy to see why people might feel thisDavid C. Howson: Please be advised that your
way, however, the terms are decidedly different.attendance is requested on Thursday, January 11,
But before either can be differentiated, it is2009, at 1:00 p.m., in the offices of John Carlton
important to take a close look at writers whoJones, Esquire, Attorney at Law, 201 West
mastered voice.Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601, for the
Thomas Mann's Short Stories Showcase Voicereading of the Last Will and Testament of Horatio
One of the best ways to understand something isClark Howson, etc.
to provide different treatments of the subject.Conversely, here is an invitation to the reading of
Thomas Mann's eight stories in the popularthe will from a close relative: Dear Davey, your
Vintage imprint with DEATH IN VENICE as theuncle's will is going to be read next week at our
lead title is ideal to work from, since each story isattorney's office, and we look forward to seeing
written in a different voice. Yet Mann'syou there. Jo Ann will call you for with the details.
masterpiece, THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN, depicts hisLove, Aunt Mary.
voice as a separate entity unto its own--and oneStyle Establishes Voice, but There's a Lot More to
could say that it was his true voice.it
While the short stories in the DEATH IN VENICESame message about the dearly departed, and
Vintage compendium enable a relatively quickalthough both are conveyed in what is considered
study of the range voice can take, this is fara soft tone in relative terms, they are written in
from conclusive. The reason is because voice isquite different voices. So while it's safe to say
without boundaries. This open architecture, in andthat style creates voice as much as the words
of itself, leads to much of the confusion aboutwhich are used, what about an academic paper
voice. And this is the first distinction betweenwritten in an authoritative tone? Isn't this also an
voice and tone, since tone can generally beauthoritative voice? Certainly, except it would
identified without too much of an argument.probably be easier for definition purposes to claim
So What is Voice?the voice as authoritative and the tone as strong.
When someone hears that a "new voice hasTone has Three Basic Mediums
exploded upon the literary scene," does oneFor practical purposes, tone is either soft,
automatically expect to read the next Marcelmoderate, or strong. These areas of course can
Proust, Virginia Wolfe, Ann Rand, Ralph Ellison,have any number of gradients, from very soft to
William Faulkner, or Erskine Caldwell; or should weaggressively strong, but the three delineations
seek writers of a more current era such as Patprovide the basis for comparison. This is still
Conroy, Elmore Leonard, E. L. Doctorow, Tomspeculative, because what one person considers
Clancy, or Barbara Kingsolver?moderate another might feel is strong (or
Each of these writers possesses a distinctivenaturally vice versa). But it's much easier to come
voice, but what do we say about authors whoto a consensus on a specific tone than to devise
work in the same genre and write in a similara chart that categorizes voice.
style? Does each have a separate voice? OfSo, Again, What is Voice?
course he or she does. Just as one singer canVoice is you. Should you and another person write
sound like another but not possess the identicala book about the identical topic, your story will
range in every key.reflect your way of telling the tale via words and
An Attorney Letter and Family Correspondencesyntax that differ from what the other writer
on the Same Subject Illustrate the Differencehas used. So when you write a book, and the
One of the best ways I can think of to expresscritics proclaim a fantastic new voice has roared
voice is to compare an invitation to the reading ofonto the scene, these pundits are talking
a will from an attorney with the same requestspecifically about you, because you are the voice
from a close relative.of your writing. And a unique voice indeed.